🔗 文法ジャンル別の解き方
TOEIC Part5「前置詞」の解き方と頻出パターン｜練習10問つき
前置詞の問題は、Part5で最も出題数が多いジャンルのひとつです。空所の後ろに名詞（句）が続いていれば前置詞、主語と動詞のある文が続いていれば接続詞、という形の判断と、時・場所・期限などの意味の判断の2段階で解きます。
解き方のポイント
- 空所の直後を見る：名詞・動名詞（-ing）だけなら前置詞、主語＋動詞なら接続詞が入る
- 期限の by（〜までに：一回で完了）と継続の until（〜までずっと）を区別する
- 時の in / on / at：in は月・年・期間、on は日付・曜日、at は時刻
- during（〜の間に：名詞が続く）と while（〜する間に：文が続く）はセットで狙われる
- despite / in spite of は前置詞、although / though は接続詞
ひっかけ注意
- 「〜の間」でも for は期間の長さ（for three days）、during は特定の期間（during the meeting）
- because of（前置詞）と because（接続詞）は意味が同じなので形で選ぶ
- on behalf of / in charge of / prior to など、前置詞を含む決まった表現はまとめて覚える
例文で確認
| Please submit the report by Friday. | 金曜日までに（期限）→ by |
| The store will be closed until Monday. | 月曜日までずっと（継続）→ until |
| Attendance was high despite the heavy rain. | 後ろが名詞句なので although ではなく despite |
練習問題（10問）
選択肢をタップすると正解がわかります。動画では先生が解答と解説をしてくれます。
Q1. The final decision rests ___ the executive committee.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) with
'Rest with' is a set expression meaning 'a decision or responsibility lies with someone', so 'with' is correct. 'Rest on' means 'to be based on/rely on' — a different meaning that doesn't express where a decision resides. 'At' and 'in' don't pair with this verb.
Q2. Employees who work overtime are entitled ___ additional compensation.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) to
'Be entitled to' is a set expression meaning 'to have the right to receive', and 'to' is correct. Adjective-preposition combinations are fixed, and 'for', 'with', and 'of' don't pair with 'entitled'. Similar patterns include be eligible for, be responsible for, and be familiar with — worth memorizing as pairs.
Q3. Registration for the trade fair closes ___ the fifteenth of June.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) on
'The fifteenth of June' is a specific date, so 'on' is correct. 'In' is used for broader periods like months, years, or seasons (in June). 'At' is for clock times (at 5 p.m.). 'By' means 'no later than' and marks a deadline, but here 'closes' is a single point-in-time action, so the date-marking 'on' is the right fit.
Q4. The manager asked all employees to submit their reports ___ Friday afternoon.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) by
The blank marks a deadline: submitting reports by Friday afternoon. 'By' is the deadline preposition, meaning an action is complete no later than a given point. 'In' means 'within/after' a span and doesn't attach to a single named day. 'On' attaches to dates and days (on Friday), but 'on Friday afternoon' would only mark a point in time, not a deadline. 'At' is for clock times (at 3 p.m.).
Q5. The quarterly report must be submitted ___ the fifth of each month.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) by
The meaning is 'must be submitted by the fifth of each month' — a deadline, so 'by' is correct. 'Until' means 'continuously up to' and doesn't fit well with a one-time action like 'submit'. 'In' marks a span, and 'at' marks a clock time. 'By' = completion, 'until' = continuation is the key distinction being tested.
Q6. The hotel offers a shuttle service ___ guests travelling to the airport.
答えと解説を見る
正解: A) for
The meaning is 'a shuttle service for hotel guests heading to the airport' — marking who the service is for, so 'for' is correct. 'Of' shows possession/belonging, 'about' shows topic, and 'into' shows direction (movement to the inside) — none of these mark who the service is intended for.
Q7. The company offers flexible working hours ___ employees with young children.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) for
The meaning is 'for employees with young children' — marking who benefits, so 'for' is correct. The pattern 'offer A to B' would also allow 'to', but here it directly follows 'hours' as a modifier, and 'for' (marking the beneficiary) fits better. 'At' marks a single point, and 'on' marks contact or a date.
Q8. The marketing team is responsible ___ developing the campaign strategy.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) for
'Be responsible for' is a set expression meaning 'to have responsibility for', and 'for' is correct. The gerund 'developing' following the blank also matches the pattern of 'for' (a preposition) plus a gerund. 'Of', 'to', and 'on' don't pair with 'responsible'. Adjective + preposition combinations are fixed and need to be memorized as pairs.
Q9. The training session will be held ___ the main conference room on Tuesday.
答えと解説を見る
正解: A) in
A conference room is an enclosed space, and 'in' marks being inside such a space. 'On' marks a surface (on the desk), and 'at' treats a location as a single point (at the entrance). 'To' shows direction and doesn't mark where an event is held. Words with interior space — room, building, city — normally take 'in'.
Q10. Applicants should send their résumés ___ the human resources department.
答えと解説を見る
正解: A) to
'Send' takes the pattern 'send A to B' (send A to B), and 'to' marks the destination. So 'to' is correct. 'For' means 'for the benefit of' and belongs to a different pattern (buy A for B) marking the beneficiary. 'At' marks a single point/location, and 'with' marks accompaniment or means — neither shows a destination.