⏰ 文法ジャンル別の解き方
TOEIC Part5「時制」の解き方と頻出パターン｜練習10問つき
時制の問題は、文中の時を表す言葉（yesterday, since, by next month など）が最大の手がかりです。その言葉と相性のよい時制を選びます。
解き方のポイント
- yesterday / last ~ / ~ ago → 過去形
- since ~ / for + 期間 / so far / recently → 現在完了
- next ~ / tomorrow / upcoming → 未来（will / be going to / 現在進行形）
- by + 未来の時点 → 未来完了（will have done）
- 時・条件の副詞節（when / if / once / by the time）の中は未来でも現在形
ひっかけ注意
- 現在完了は ago や過去の特定の時と一緒に使えない
- by the time + 過去形 なら主節は過去完了（had done）
- 毎週・毎年の習慣や予定表は現在形（The train leaves at 9.）
例文で確認
| The company has grown rapidly since 2020. | since → 現在完了 |
| By next March, we will have opened ten stores. | by + 未来 → 未来完了 |
| Please call me when you arrive. | 時の節の中は現在形 |
練習問題（10問）
選択肢をタップすると正解がわかります。動画では先生が解答と解説をしてくれます。
Q1. The shipment ___ yesterday morning, two days ahead of schedule.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) arrived
'Yesterday morning' is a specific point in the past, so the verb must be simple past: 'arrived'. 'Arrives' is present tense and doesn't match a past time. 'Arriving' is a participle and can't stand alone as the main verb. 'Has arrived' is present perfect, which normally doesn't combine with a definite past-time expression like 'yesterday'.
Q2. The report indicates that customer satisfaction ___ steadily since March.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) has improved
'Since March' marks a starting point ('ever since March'), expressing an ongoing change from the past to now, so the present perfect 'has improved' is correct. 'Improves' is present tense and doesn't convey continuity. 'Improved' is past tense and would need the present perfect to combine properly with 'since'. 'Improving' is a participle and can't stand alone as the main verb.
Q3. Ms. Laurent ___ in Paris before she moved to Montreal.
Q4. The Rowan bakery ___ fresh bread every morning.
Q5. By the time the movers arrive, Yuma ___ every box in the apartment.
答えと解説を見る
正解: A) will have packed
'By the time' with a future event calls for the future perfect: 'will have packed'.
Q6. When the inspector arrived, the crew ___ already left the site.
Q7. Customer inquiries ___ increased steadily since the product launch.
Q8. By the time the auditors arrive, the accountant ___ the records.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) will have organized
'By the time' with a future event calls for the future perfect: 'will have organized'.
Q9. By the time the shop reopens, Kyo ___ the entire engine himself.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) will have rebuilt
'By the time' with a future event calls for the future perfect: 'will have rebuilt'.
Q10. Ms. Hall ___ as a nurse before she became a manager.