🔤 文法ジャンル別の解き方
TOEIC Part5「品詞」の解き方と頻出パターン｜練習10問つき
品詞問題は、選択肢に同じ語根の名詞・動詞・形容詞・副詞が並ぶタイプです。文の意味を訳す必要はほとんどなく、空所の前後の形だけで解けるので、Part5で一番時間を稼げるジャンルです。
解き方のポイント
- 冠詞（a / the）や所有格（its / their）の後ろ、前置詞の後ろは名詞
- 名詞の前は形容詞（a ___ increase → significant）
- 動詞・形容詞を修飾する位置は副詞
- 主語の後ろで述語動詞がない文なら動詞
- 語尾で品詞を判断：-tion / -ment / -ness（名詞）、-ive / -ful / -able（形容詞）、-ly（副詞）、-ize / -ify（動詞）
ひっかけ注意
- 人を表す名詞（applicant, supervisor）と事柄を表す名詞（application, supervision）の区別
- -ing / -ed 形の形容詞（interesting / interested）は分詞の問題として出ることもある
- 可算名詞の単数形には冠詞が必要。冠詞がなければ不可算名詞か複数形を選ぶ
例文で確認
| The company reported a significant increase in profits. | a と名詞の間 → 形容詞 |
| Please read the instructions carefully. | 動詞 read を修飾 → 副詞 |
| All applicants must submit their applications online. | 人＝applicant、書類＝application |
練習問題（10問）
選択肢をタップすると正解がわかります。動画では先生が解答と解説をしてくれます。
Q1. Employees who complete the training will receive a ___ of attendance.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) certificate
The blank sits right after the article 'a' and before 'of attendance', so it must be a noun. 'Certificate' is correct — 'a certificate of attendance' is a set phrase for a document confirming someone attended. 'Certify' is a verb, 'certified' is a past participle/adjective, and 'certainly' is an adverb — none can sit directly after an article.
Q2. The department head will be ___ for approving all travel expenses.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) responsible
The blank is the complement following 'be', so the adjective 'responsible' is correct. 'Be responsible for' is a set expression meaning 'to have responsibility for'. 'Response' and 'responsibility' are nouns, and 'responsibly' is an adverb. The 'for' that follows is also a clue, since it pairs with 'responsible'.
Q3. The vendor has agreed to replace the damaged units at no ___ cost.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) additional
The blank modifies the noun 'cost', so the adjective 'additional' is correct. 'At no additional cost' is a set phrase meaning 'at no extra charge'. 'Add' is a verb, 'addition' is a noun, and 'additionally' is an adverb. The position between 'no' and 'cost' is the natural home for an adjective.
Q4. The award was presented to Ms. Ito in ___ of her twenty years of service.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) recognition
'In recognition of' is a set phrase meaning 'in acknowledgment of', and the noun 'recognition' is correct. The slot between the prepositions 'in' and 'of' is a noun position. 'Recognize' is a verb, 'recognizable' is an adjective (able to be recognized), and 'recognized' is a past participle.
Q5. Applicants must provide proof of ___ before starting employment.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) eligibility
Right after the preposition 'of' is a noun slot, so 'eligibility' is correct. 'Proof of eligibility' means 'proof of qualification'. 'Eligible' is an adjective, 'eligibly' is an adverb, and 'eligibles' isn't a normal form. The rule that a preposition is always followed by a noun or gerund settles this one.
Q6. Our clients appreciate the ___ with which the support team responds.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) quickness
The blank sits between 'the' and 'with which', a noun slot. 'The quickness with which...' is a construction using a relative pronoun to mean 'the speed at which...', and 'quickness' is correct. 'Quick' is an adjective, 'quickly' is an adverb, and 'quicken' is a verb — none fit the noun slot after an article. Right before 'preposition + relative pronoun' (with which), the word must be a noun.
Q7. The firm has a strong ___ for quality workmanship.
Q8. The Stirling factory has improved its ___ this year.
Q9. The clinic's reputation for ___ has attracted patients from neighboring towns.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) reliability
A preposition ('for') is followed by a noun: 'reliability'.
Q10. Ms. Liang's presentation was ___ received by the audience.