🌀 文法ジャンル別の解き方
TOEIC Part5「分詞」の解き方と頻出パターン｜練習10問つき
分詞の問題は、名詞を修飾する -ing（現在分詞）と -ed（過去分詞）の選択がほとんどです。修飾される名詞が「する側」か「される側」かを考えるだけで答えが決まります。
解き方のポイント
- 名詞が動作をする側なら -ing（a growing company：成長している会社）
- 名詞が動作をされる側なら -ed（the attached file：添付されたファイル）
- 感情の動詞：人が感じるなら -ed（interested, satisfied）、物が感じさせるなら -ing（interesting, satisfying）
- 名詞の後ろから修飾する形（the documents signed by the manager）も頻出
- 分詞構文：文頭の Having completed ~ / Located near ~ などは主語との関係で選ぶ
ひっかけ注意
- attached / enclosed / revised / updated など「〜された」書類系は -ed の定番
- leading / existing / remaining / upcoming は -ing の形容詞として定着している
- excited customers（わくわくしている客）と exciting news（わくわくさせる知らせ）
例文で確認
| Please review the attached document. | 文書は添付される側 → attached |
| The remaining tickets will be sold online. | 残っている（自動詞）→ remaining |
| Customers were satisfied with the service. | 人が満足する → satisfied |
練習問題（10問）
選択肢をタップすると正解がわかります。動画では先生が解答と解説をしてくれます。
Q1. The survey results suggest that customers are highly ___ with the service.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) satisfied
The subject is 'customers' (people), and since they're on the receiving end of the emotion, the past participle 'satisfied' is correct. 'Be satisfied with' is a set expression meaning 'to be pleased with'. 'Satisfying' is an active form meaning 'causing satisfaction' and is used for things or situations, not people. 'Satisfy' is a verb and 'satisfaction' is a noun. The rule of thumb for emotion verbs: people take -ed, things take -ing.
Q2. All applicants are required to submit ___ references from previous employers.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) written
The blank modifies the noun 'references'. Since it means 'documents that have been written' (passive), the past participle 'written' is correct. 'Written references' is a set combination meaning 'written recommendation letters'. 'Writing' is a present participle with an active meaning, which would wrongly imply the references are 'writing' something themselves.
Q3. The report contains ___ information about the merger.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) detailed
The blank modifies the noun 'information'. 'Detailed' is a past participle that has become a fixed adjective meaning 'thorough', and 'detailed information' is a set combination — that's the answer. 'Detail' is a noun and 'details' is its plural, but a noun modifying a noun this way needs to already be an established compound. 'Detailing' is a present participle meaning 'actively detailing something', which doesn't fit the meaning here.
Q4. Attendance at the safety briefing is ___ for all warehouse staff.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) required
The blank is the complement of 'is', meaning 'attendance is mandatory'. 'Required' is a past participle that has become fixed as an adjective meaning 'mandatory', and it's correct. 'Require' is the base form of the verb, 'requiring' is an active present participle meaning 'requiring something', which doesn't match the subject 'attendance'. 'Requirement' is a noun and would need an article ('is a requirement').
Q5. The ___ parts must be returned to the supplier.
Q6. The employees ___ in the survey will receive a gift card.
Q7. Customers ___ for a refund must show a receipt.
Q8. Employees ___ the training must submit a completion form.
答えと解説を見る
正解: A) attending
The employees perform the action, so the present participle is used.
Q9. Canvases ___ for the show were shipped directly from the studio.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) prepared
The canvases were prepared (passive), so the past participle 'prepared' is needed.
Q10. Guests ___ in the lobby should check in with the receptionist.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) waiting
The guests are doing the waiting, so the active participle 'waiting' is needed.