🔁 文法ジャンル別の解き方
TOEIC Part5「関係代名詞」の解き方と頻出パターン｜練習10問つき
関係代名詞の問題は、先行詞が人か物か、そして空所の後ろの文に何が欠けているか（主語・目的語・所有）で答えが決まります。who / which / that / whose / whom / what の6つを整理しておけば確実に取れるジャンルです。
解き方のポイント
- 先行詞が人 → who（主語）/ whom（目的語）、物 → which、どちらでも → that
- 後ろの文に主語がない → 主格（who / which / that）
- 後ろが「名詞＋動詞」で、先行詞とその名詞が所有関係 → whose
- 先行詞がなく「〜すること・もの」なら what
- カンマの後ろ（非制限用法）には that は使えない
ひっかけ注意
- 前置詞の後ろは whom / which（in which, to whom）。that は置けない
- where は場所、when は時の関係副詞。後ろが完全な文なら関係副詞
- anyone who / those who（〜する人たち）は定番表現
例文で確認
| Employees who wish to attend must register by Friday. | 人＋後ろに主語なし → who |
| The firm, whose headquarters is in Osaka, is expanding. | その会社の本社 → whose |
| This is exactly what the client requested. | 先行詞なし「〜するもの」→ what |
練習問題（10問）
選択肢をタップすると正解がわかります。動画では先生が解答と解説をしてくれます。
Q1. Mr. Alvarez is the engineer ___ designed the new ventilation system.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) who
The antecedent is 'the engineer' (a person), and the blank is followed by the verb 'designed', so the subject relative pronoun 'who' is correct. 'Which' is used when the antecedent is a thing. 'Whose' is possessive and needs a noun right after it (whose design...). 'Whom' is the object form, followed by a subject + verb. The two questions to ask are: is the antecedent a person or a thing, and does a verb or a subject follow?
Q2. Ms. Watanabe is the only candidate ___ has experience in international markets.
答えと解説を見る
正解: A) who
The antecedent is 'the only candidate' (a person), and the blank is followed by the verb 'has', so the subjective relative pronoun 'who' is correct. 'Which' is for things. 'Whom' is objective, followed by a subject + verb. 'What' is a relative pronoun that includes its own antecedent, so it can't be used when an antecedent is already present.
Q3. The new director, ___ joined the company last month, has extensive experience.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) who
The antecedent is 'the new director' (a person), and the blank is followed directly by the verb 'joined', so the subjective relative pronoun 'who' is correct. 'Which' is for things. 'Whose' is possessive and needs a noun right after it. 'Whom' is objective, followed by a subject + verb. The comma-set (non-restrictive) use doesn't change how case is judged.
Q4. Mr. Baker, ___ presentation impressed the board, will lead the project.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) whose
What follows the blank is the noun 'presentation'. Among relative pronouns, only the possessive 'whose' can be followed directly by a noun, giving the meaning 'whose presentation impressed the board'. 'Who' is subjective and needs a verb after it. 'Whom' is objective and needs a subject + verb after it. 'Which' is used when the antecedent is a thing.
Q5. The software update includes several new features ___ improve overall performance.
答えと解説を見る
正解: B) that
The antecedent is 'several new features' (a thing), and the blank is followed by the verb 'improve', so the subjective relative pronoun 'that' is correct ('which' would also work). 'What' includes its own antecedent and can't be used when one is already present. 'Whose' is possessive and needs a noun after it. 'Whom' is used for a person as antecedent in the object case.
Q6. The engineer ___ designed the bridge will speak at the ceremony.
Q7. The hotel ___ we stayed last year has closed.
Q8. The year ___ the company was founded was 1985.
Q9. The supplier ___ we contacted has not replied.
Q10. The pastry chef, ___ desserts won a regional award, opened her own shop.
答えと解説を見る
正解: C) whose
'Whose' shows possession -- the desserts belong to the pastry chef.